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Action research, article of faith, xe currency. RSS is a Web content syndication format. Its name is an acronym for Really Simple Syndication. RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0 specification, as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website. A summary of RSS version history. At the top level, a RSS document is a element, with a mandatory attribute called version, that specifies the version of RSS that the document conforms to. If it conforms to this specification, the version attribute must be 2.0. Subordinate to the element is a single element, which contains information about the channel (metadata) and its contents. Sample files Here are sample files for: RSS 0.91, 0.92 and 2.0. Note that the sample files may point to documents and services that no longer exist. The 0.91 sample was created when the 0.91 docs were written. Maintaining a trail of samples seems like a good idea. About this document This document represents the status of RSS as of the Fall of 2002, version 2.0.1. It incorporates all changes and additions, starting with the basic spec for RSS 0.91 (June 2000) and includes new features introduced in RSS 0.92 (December 2000) and RSS 0.94 (August 2002). Change notes are here. First we document the required and optional sub-elements of ; and then document the sub-elements of . The final sections answer frequently asked questions, and provide a roadmap for future evolution, and guidelines for extending RSS. Required channel elements Here's a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description. Element Description Example title The name of the channel. It's how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website. GoUpstate.com News Headlines link The URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel. http://www.goupstate.com/ description Phrase or sentence describing the channel. The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site. Action research, article of faith, xe currency. Optional channel elements Here's a list of optional channel elements. Element Description Example language The language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, is here. You may also use values defined by the W3C. en-us copyright Copyright notice for content in the channel. Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal managingEditor Email address for person responsible for editorial content. geo@herald.com (George Matesky) webMaster Email address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel. betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey) pubDate The publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the New York Times publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That's when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification of RFC 822, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred). Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT lastBuildDate The last time the content of the channel changed. Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT category Specify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the -level category element. More info. Newspapers generator A string indicating the program used to generate the channel. MightyInHouse Content System v2.3 docs A URL that points to the documentation for the format used in the RSS file. It's probably a pointer to this page. It's for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is. http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss cloud Allows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More info here. ttl ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More info here. 60 image Specifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More info here. rating The PICS rating for the channel. textInput Specifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More info here. skipHours A hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. More info here. skipDays A hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. More info here. Why RSS? I'm curious as to why Microsoft decided to build upon RSS instead of the more well-specified and formally standard Atom format? While they both provide roughly identical functionalities to an end user, Atom was built with standardization and extensibility in mind. I realise RSS has a larger marketshare at this point in terms of feeds broadcast, but this really should be of no concern as almost all software works with both formats and that the vast majority of internet users have no idea what RSS even is. Atom is more friendly to developers and seems to me it would have made a better platform base. Why Niche RSS Feeds Matter Just as the second generation of search engines and directories evolved into niche topic specific portals we are seeing the same occur in the area of RSS feed directories and search engines. While some directories are admittedly more niche than others the trend is obvious. Financial Industry If you are in the finance industry you can monitor currency exchange rates, bank rates and track investments using RSS feeds. Financial institutions have found RSS to be an optimum way to communicate CD rates, interest rates, currency conversions, and even investors are using to monitor stocks. Use RSS to track currency conversions, stocks, bonds, bank rates and other financial related information. Locate feeds: Financial Feeds - http://www.finance-investing.com Action research, article of faith, xe currency. Security Industry If you are in the security sector, or just want to stay updated on any security alerts, you can subscribe to a multitude of security related feeds. There are security feeds for virus alerts, avian flu information, homeland security alerts, and system vulnerabilities. Locate feeds: Security Feeds - http://www.security-protection.net Medical Field If you are a physician or part of the medical field it makes sense to stay informed of any news in medical fields. You can subscribe to feeds that discuss various exotic diseases, conditions, experimental treatments, and monitor drug trials. Locate feeds: Medical Feeds - http://www.medical-feeds.com MedWorm - http://www.medworm.com HubMed - http://www.hubmed.org/ NHS - http://www.library.nhs.uk/rss/directory/default.aspx Health Career Job Feeds If you are in the medical field and interested in monitoring industry jobs, subscribe to RSS feeds for specific types of positions or specific locations. Locate feeds: Health Career Net - http://www.healthcareernet.com/feeds/feedsdirectory.aspx Real Estate Are you looking for a new home, or perhaps just considering investment property. Subscribe to RSS feeds for specific regions, so that you are notified instantly when a new home becomes available in a specific town or area. Locate feeds: Realty Feeds - http://www.realty-feeds.net ML Podcasts - http://directory.mlpodcast.com/directory/directory.php RealtyFeedSearch - http://www.realtyfeedsearch.com/ Religion Is religion an important part of your life, but you don't have as much time as you would like? Consider subscribing to faith based sermons, or bible studies. Churches, ministries and are using RSS to reach their congregations, schedule events and even to broadcast sermons. Podcasting is becoming mainstream with young devout populations. The progression and adoption are a natural step as youth bring technology to their faith. Locate feeds: Religious Podcasts - http://www.religious-podcasts.net Godcasts - http://www.godcast1000.com/ Church Podcasts - http://churchpodcasts.com/ Action research, article of faith, xe currency. Automotive If cars are your thing, a variety of RSS feeds exist from user car feeds to automotive news and car forums. Locate feeds: Automotive Links - http://automotive-links.mustangv8.com/RSS-directory/index.php Legal Feeds If law is your area of expertise monitor weblogs with emphasis on the law or legal related issues and concerns, or follow court rulings using RSS feeds. Locate feeds: Blawg - http://www.blawg.org Sports Are you a sports fan? Want to stay informed about your favorite teams or athletes? Perhaps you just want some tips to improve your game, sports feeds of all types exist. Locate feeds: Sports Feeds - http://www.sports-feeds.com Sports podcasts - http://www.sportspodcasts.com Educational Are you an educator? Education has always been a great source of collaboration. It should come as no surprise that teachers and educators are sharing their educational podcasts and RSS feeds. Locate feeds: Educational Podcast network - http://epnweb.org Educational Feeds - http://www.educational-feeds.com Political Feeds Are you a political pundit, attempting to follow politics debates or monitor the ins and outs of the latest political issues? Use RSS to stay up to date on your favorite candidates or issues. Locate feeds: Political Feeds - http://www.political-humor.net Government Feeds Want to know what bills your representative voted for or perhaps you have a specific issue of concern you would like to stay current on. Subscribe to local, state or federal government feeds to stay abreast on the latest issues related to the operation of the government. Locate feeds: Government Feeds - http://www.government-central.com Vertical search and niche directories are becoming authority sites in a crowded online world. These niche directories will help individuals in specific industries locate topics essential to their industries. About the Author: Sharon Housley manages marketing for FeedForAll http://www.feedforall.com software for creating, editing, publishing RSS feeds and podcasts. In addition Sharon manages marketing for RecordForAll http://www.recordforall.com audio recording and editing software. Monetizing RSS Feeds Publishers are evaluating options and determining how they can profit from RSS feeds. The two obvious contenders that publishers are considering to profit from their RSS feeds are: subscription RSS feeds and RSS feed advertisements. Subscriptions. Subscription feeds are designed so that subscription fees are charged for unique quality content. Publishers include teaser copy in the RSS feed and readers have to purchase a subscription to see the content in its entirety. The New York Times was the first to introduce the subscription model. Initially the NY Times faced some resentment from users who had become accustom to free RSS based content, but ultimately consumers realize that businesses must achieve profits in order to continue. The greater the value of the content contained in the feed and the uniqueness of the content will determine the success of subscription based feeds. Simply put, if readers can obtain the same quality and quantity of content from an alternative free source they will. Not unlike magazines, if the content the publisher is providing is unique and valuable, the subscription model will flourish. Advertisements. The web has undergone a number of revisions to online advertising models. Banner ads, once an effective way to generate valuable leads are screened or filtered by most novice users. Text ads have become common place and are far less effective than they once were, advertising in RSS feeds was a natural step for online advertisers. Contextual advertisements or advertisements that relate to the webpage or RSS feed's content, achieve the highest rate of success. As a result both advertisers and content providers should critically evaluate advertisement placement systems to determine which system produces the highest relevance in contextually based advertisements. Google AdSense provides contextually relevant ads while Pheedo provides related category feeds. Publishers need to determine which model will produce advertisements that are relevant to the RSS feed's content and actionable by feed readers. Hybrid Advertisements. Other hybrid alternatives for profiting from RSS feeds include optionally giving subscribers the choice. A small fee for many might give subscribers the option to pay for the feed ad-free or view advertisements in the feed. The business model is reminiscent of adware in its infancy where users could use software for an unlimited amount of time. The software had imbedded advertisements and publishers were compensated for ad impressions or click-throughs. If users preferred an ad free version of the software they could purchase a registered copy that would remove the imbedded advertisements. More on Advertising in Feeds with a comparison of ad serving technologies. http://www.feedforall.com/advertising-in-rss.htm Advertising online is constantly evolving. Both content publishers and advertisers are adapting and evaluating new advertising models. RSS feed subscriptions and advertising are merely a step in the evolution of online advertising. Knowing your audience will help publishers determine the most effective model for profiting from content contained in an RSS feed. Publishers are evaluating options and determining how they can profit from RSS feeds. The two obvious contender publishers who are considering to profit from their RSS feeds are: subscription RSS feeds and RSS feed advertisements. Action research, article of faith, xe currency. About the Author: Sharon Housley manages marketing for FeedForAll http://www.feedforall.com software for creating, editing, publishing RSS feeds and podcasts. In addition Sharon manages marketing for NotePage http://www.notepage.net a wireless text messaging software company. Action research, article of faith, xe currency.